When we talk about building healthier, more resilient urban forests in Chicagoland, one of the most important steps we can take is planting native trees. Native trees have evolved alongside our soils, climate, and wildlife for thousands of years, and they provide benefits that non-native simply cannot match.
Why Native Trees Matter
- Adapted to Our Climate: Native trees are naturally suited to Illinois’ hot summers, cold winters, and variable rainfall. This makes them hardier and often less reliant on supplemental water and fertilizers.
- Wildlife Support: Native oaks, maples, and other native tree species provide food and habitat for hundreds of native insects, birds, and mammals. For example, oak trees alone support over 500 species of caterpillars, which in turn feed countless nesting birds.
- Resilience Against Pests & Diseases: While no tree is immune, native trees tend to have natural defenses and long-established balances with local pests, unlike many non-native trees that can fail quickly when stressed or require annual treatments to stay healthy.
- Community Benefits: Shade, stormwater control, and air quality improvements are all maximized when trees thrive. Native species generally have the potential to live longer and perform better than non-native trees.
Recommended Native Trees for Chicagoland
When selecting native species, consider diversity, avoid planting just one kind of tree across your yard or community. Here are some excellent options for our area:
- Oaks (Quercus spp.): White Oak (Q. alba), Bur Oak (Q. macrocarpa), and Swamp White Oak (Q. bicolor) are keystone species with tremendous ecological value and longevity.
- Maples: Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) thrive in well-drained soils and bring brilliant fall color.
- Hickories (Carya spp.): Shagbark Hickory (C. ovata) adds character and supports wildlife.
- American Elm (Ulmus americana, DED-resistant cultivars): Modern cultivars resistant to Dutch elm disease restore an iconic native tree.
- Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): Tough, adaptable, and a host for many butterfly species.
- Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.): Small tree with spring flowers, summer berries, and excellent fall color. This is a great choice for smaller spaces.
- Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis): Provides vibrant pink spring blooms and supports early pollinators.
The Long-Term Payoff
By planting native trees, we’re not just adding greenery, we are investing in our ecosystem. Every oak, serviceberry, or hackberry planted today contributes to a healthier, more resilient Chicagoland landscape for decades to come.
As an arborist, my advice is simple: when you plant a tree, plant with purpose. Consider choosing native species, plant with diversity in mind, and care for them well in their first few years. The return on investment will be shade for future generations, habitat for wildlife, and stronger communities rooted in nature.
